However, the most commonly used fabrication technique is the so-called web-coating method or doctor-blading that consists to spread an electrode slurry on a current collector foil 21. Thus, achieving good dispersion of carbon and active material is important in ASSB as well as the removal of basic species at the surface of the NMC material.Įlectrode fabrication can be achieved using different techniques such as three-dimensional printing 7, spin coating 8, paste generating method 9, freeze-casting 10, electrospinning 11, solvent-based electrostatic spray deposition 12, solvent-free dry powder coating 13, pulsed laser deposition 14, sputtering deposition 15, dry painting 16, screen printing 17, filtration 18, extrusion 19 or recently the solvent-free roll-to-roll manufacturing technique 20. Moreover, in ASSB, the ionic and electronic conduction occurs through solid phases, which is accomplished by the continuous percolation of particles across the electrode. The problem is that the additional washing and drying steps add up significant process cost. As these species are detrimental for the stability of the polymer electrolyte in a battery, it is necessary to remove them this may be achieved by additional washing 6. The Ni-rich NMC material contains high surface concentrations of LiOH and Li 2CO 3 originating from the residual Li precursors and reactions with humid air 5. Further, the need for energy storage devices with higher energy density requires high capacity cathode materials, such as Ni-rich Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (NMC) (LiNi xMn 1−x−圜o yO 2, x ≥ 0.8, y ≤ 0.1) 4. However, all-solid-state batteries (ASSB) are being reconsidered due to their higher energy density and the absence of inflammable liquid electrolyte, which makes them safer 3. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) dominate the rechargeable battery market in the portable electronic devices and electric vehicles sector because of their high energy density and long-life 2. The increase in energy demand and environmental concerns has accelerated the development of sustainable energy storage systems 1.
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